1. Business Organization and Environment1.1 Introduction to Business Management0/01.1.1 Definition of Business1.1.2 Role of Management1.1.3 Key Management Functions1.2 Types of Organizations0/01.2.1 Sole Proprietorships1.2.2 Partnerships1.2.3 Corporations1.2.4 Non-Profit Organisations1.3 Organizational Objectives0/01.3.1 Purpose of Objectives1.3.2 Setting Objectives1.3.3 Reviewing and Revising Objectives1. Business Organization and Environment1.1 Introduction to Business Management0/01.1.1 Definition of Business1.1.2 Role of Management1.1.3 Key Management Functions1.2 Types of Organizations0/01.2.1 Sole Proprietorships1.2.2 Partnerships1.2.3 Corporations1.2.4 Non-Profit Organisations1.3 Organizational Objectives0/01.3.1 Purpose of Objectives1.3.2 Setting Objectives1.3.3 Reviewing and Revising Objectives2. Human Resource Management 2.1 Functions and Evolution of HRM0/0Definition of HRM2.1.2 Historical Evolution of HRM2.1.3 Modern Trends in HRM2.2 Organizational Structure0/02.2.1 Definition and Importance2.2.2 Types of Organisational Structures2.2.3 Factors Influencing Organisational Structure2.3 Leadership and Management0/0Leadership vs. Management Leadership Styles2.3.3 Role of Managers2.4 Motivation0/02.4.1 Theories of Motivation2.4.2 Motivational Techniques2.4.3 Challenges in Motivating Employees2.5 Organizational (Corporate) Culture (HL only)0/02.5.1 Definition and ImportanceFactors Shaping Culture2.5.3 Benefits and Challenges2.6 Industrial/Employee Relations (HL only)0/0Importance of Good Relations2.6.2 Conflict Resolution2.6.3 Role of Trade Unions2. Human Resource Management 2.1 Functions and Evolution of HRM0/0Definition of HRM2.1.2 Historical Evolution of HRM2.1.3 Modern Trends in HRM2.2 Organizational Structure0/02.2.1 Definition and Importance2.2.2 Types of Organisational Structures2.2.3 Factors Influencing Organisational Structure2.3 Leadership and Management0/0Leadership vs. Management Leadership Styles2.3.3 Role of Managers2.4 Motivation0/02.4.1 Theories of Motivation2.4.2 Motivational Techniques2.4.3 Challenges in Motivating Employees2.5 Organizational (Corporate) Culture (HL only)0/02.5.1 Definition and ImportanceFactors Shaping Culture2.5.3 Benefits and Challenges2.6 Industrial/Employee Relations (HL only)0/0Importance of Good Relations2.6.2 Conflict Resolution2.6.3 Role of Trade Unions3. Finance and AccountsPremium3.1 Sources of Finance0/03.1.1 Internal Sources3.1.2 External Sources3.1.3 Short-term Financing3.1.4 Long-term Financing3.2 Costs and Revenues0/03.2.1 Fixed Costs3.2.2 Variable Costs3.2.3 Direct and Indirect Costs3.2.4 Revenue Models3.3 Break-even Analysis0/03.3.1 Concept of Break-even3.3.2 Calculating Break-even Point3.3.3 Margin of Safety3.4 Final Accounts (some HL only)0/03.4.1 Components of Income Statement3.4.2 Components of Balance Sheet3.4.3 Understanding Cash Flow Statement3.5 Profitability and Liquidity Ratio Analysis0/03.5.1 Gross Profit Margin3.5.2 Net Profit Margin3.5.3 Current and Quick Ratios3.6 Efficiency Ratio Analysis (HL only)0/03.6.1 Inventory Turnover Ratio3.6.2 Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)3.6.3 Total Asset Turnover 3.7 Cash Flow0/03.7.1 Operating Cash Flow3.7.2 Investing Cash Flow3.7.3 Financing Cash Flow3.8 Investment Appraisal (some HL only)0/03.8.1 Net Present Value (NPV)3.8.2 Payback Period3.8.3 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)3.9 Budgets (HL only)0/03.9.1 Purpose and Types of Budgets3.9.2 Preparing a Budget3.9.3 Monitoring and Adjusting Budgets3. Finance and AccountsPremium3.1 Sources of Finance0/03.1.1 Internal Sources3.1.2 External Sources3.1.3 Short-term Financing3.1.4 Long-term Financing3.2 Costs and Revenues0/03.2.1 Fixed Costs3.2.2 Variable Costs3.2.3 Direct and Indirect Costs3.2.4 Revenue Models3.3 Break-even Analysis0/03.3.1 Concept of Break-even3.3.2 Calculating Break-even Point3.3.3 Margin of Safety3.4 Final Accounts (some HL only)0/03.4.1 Components of Income Statement3.4.2 Components of Balance Sheet3.4.3 Understanding Cash Flow Statement3.5 Profitability and Liquidity Ratio Analysis0/03.5.1 Gross Profit Margin3.5.2 Net Profit Margin3.5.3 Current and Quick Ratios3.6 Efficiency Ratio Analysis (HL only)0/03.6.1 Inventory Turnover Ratio3.6.2 Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)3.6.3 Total Asset Turnover 3.7 Cash Flow0/03.7.1 Operating Cash Flow3.7.2 Investing Cash Flow3.7.3 Financing Cash Flow3.8 Investment Appraisal (some HL only)0/03.8.1 Net Present Value (NPV)3.8.2 Payback Period3.8.3 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)3.9 Budgets (HL only)0/03.9.1 Purpose and Types of Budgets3.9.2 Preparing a Budget3.9.3 Monitoring and Adjusting Budgets4. MarketingPremium4.1 The Role of Marketing0/04.1.1 Definition of Marketing4.1.2 Objectives of Marketing4.1.3 Importance of Marketing in Business4.2 Marketing Planning0/04.2.1 Marketing Strategy vs. Tactics4.2.2 Marketing Mix4.2.3 Market Segmentation4.3 Sales Forecasting0/04.3.1 Importance of Sales Forecasting4.3.2 Methods of Sales Forecasting4.3.3 Challenges in Sales Forecasting4.4 Market Research0/04.4.1 Primary vs. Secondary Research4.4.2 Methods of Data Collection4.4.3 Analyzing and Interpreting Data4.5 The Four Ps0/04.5.1 Product Strategies4.5.2 Pricing Strategies4.5.3 Promotion Strategies4.5.4 Place (Distribution) Strategies 4.6 Extended Marketing Mix (HL only)0/04.6.1 People4.6.2 Process4.6.3 Physical Evidence4.7 International Marketing (HL only)0/04.7.1 Global vs. Local Marketing4.7.2 Challenges in International Marketing4.7.3 Strategies for International Marketing 4.8 E-commerce0/04.8.1 Advantages and Disadvantages4.8.2 E-commerce Business Models4.8.3 Strategies for Effective E-commerce4. MarketingPremium4.1 The Role of Marketing0/04.1.1 Definition of Marketing4.1.2 Objectives of Marketing4.1.3 Importance of Marketing in Business4.2 Marketing Planning0/04.2.1 Marketing Strategy vs. Tactics4.2.2 Marketing Mix4.2.3 Market Segmentation4.3 Sales Forecasting0/04.3.1 Importance of Sales Forecasting4.3.2 Methods of Sales Forecasting4.3.3 Challenges in Sales Forecasting4.4 Market Research0/04.4.1 Primary vs. Secondary Research4.4.2 Methods of Data Collection4.4.3 Analyzing and Interpreting Data4.5 The Four Ps0/04.5.1 Product Strategies4.5.2 Pricing Strategies4.5.3 Promotion Strategies4.5.4 Place (Distribution) Strategies 4.6 Extended Marketing Mix (HL only)0/04.6.1 People4.6.2 Process4.6.3 Physical Evidence4.7 International Marketing (HL only)0/04.7.1 Global vs. Local Marketing4.7.2 Challenges in International Marketing4.7.3 Strategies for International Marketing 4.8 E-commerce0/04.8.1 Advantages and Disadvantages4.8.2 E-commerce Business Models4.8.3 Strategies for Effective E-commerce5. Operations ManagementPremium5.1 The Role of Operations Management0/05.1.1 Definition of Operations Management5.1.2 Objectives of Operations Management5.1.3 Importance in Business5.2 Production Methods0/05.2.1 Job Production5.2.2 Batch Production5.2.3 Mass Production5.2.4 Continuous Production5.3 Lean Production and Quality Management (HL only)0/05.3.1 Principles of Lean Production5.3.2 Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control5.3.3 Total Quality Management (TQM)5.4 Location0/05.4.1 Factors Influencing Location Decisions5.4.2 Relocation Considerations5.4.3 Global vs. Local Location Strategies5.5 Production Planning (HL only)0/05.5.1 Capacity Planning5.5.2 Inventory Management5.5.3 Just-in-Time (JIT) Production5.6 Research and Development (HL only)0/05.6.1 Importance of R&D5.6.2 R&D Strategies5.6.3 Challenges in R&D5.7 Crisis Management and Contingency Planning (HL only)0/05.7.1 Understanding Business Crises5.7.2 Developing a Contingency Plan5.7.3 Role of Leadership in Crisis Management5. Operations ManagementPremium5.1 The Role of Operations Management0/05.1.1 Definition of Operations Management5.1.2 Objectives of Operations Management5.1.3 Importance in Business5.2 Production Methods0/05.2.1 Job Production5.2.2 Batch Production5.2.3 Mass Production5.2.4 Continuous Production5.3 Lean Production and Quality Management (HL only)0/05.3.1 Principles of Lean Production5.3.2 Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control5.3.3 Total Quality Management (TQM)5.4 Location0/05.4.1 Factors Influencing Location Decisions5.4.2 Relocation Considerations5.4.3 Global vs. Local Location Strategies5.5 Production Planning (HL only)0/05.5.1 Capacity Planning5.5.2 Inventory Management5.5.3 Just-in-Time (JIT) Production5.6 Research and Development (HL only)0/05.6.1 Importance of R&D5.6.2 R&D Strategies5.6.3 Challenges in R&D5.7 Crisis Management and Contingency Planning (HL only)0/05.7.1 Understanding Business Crises5.7.2 Developing a Contingency Plan5.7.3 Role of Leadership in Crisis Management